先談談電影業。從戰後到80年 代以前,韓國被軍人朴正熙統治,那時電影業發展低迷,
從2002年開始,韓劇巳成為亞洲的主流。《藍色生死戀》、《
韓國人善於利用媒體,就網絡遊戲、電影、
韓 國的大企業亦不遺餘力,他們樂於找本國的明星成為產品代言人。
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香港很需要多一些有CQ的領袖。 |
自法國心理學家比奈(Alfred
Binet)上世紀初發明了「智力測驗」以來,人們對「智商」(Intelligence
Quotient,簡稱IQ)的研究和應用已有百多年歷史。一般人都相信,IQ高表示天資聰穎,求學時成績優異,工作中精明能幹,做甚麼事都會比人優勝。
不過,智力並不是成功的唯一因素。一個人成就的大小,還要看他的工作態度,夠不夠認真、勤奮,有沒有恆心;遇上需要合作才能完成的任務,更要善於與人相處。這些特質跟智力相對獨立,並不是IQ高的人必然具備的。上世紀90年代中,人們開始重視由美國心理學家薩洛維(Peter
Salovey)提出的「情緒智商」(或「情商」;Emotional
Intelligence Quotient,簡稱EQ)。EQ量度的,是一個人察覺和評估自己和他人情緒的能力。有的研究認為,作為成功領袖的特質,EQ比IQ更為重要。
本世紀初,又出現了一種新的智商:「文化智商」(Cultural Intelligence Quotient,簡稱CQ)。這概念由新加坡南洋理工大學商學院教授洪洵(Soon Ang)和美國密西根州立大學管理學教授范戴茵(Linn Van Dyne)共同開發,並因2003年出版的暢銷書《文化智商:跨文化人際互動》(洪洵和康乃狄克大學商學院院長Christopher Earley合著)而引起廣泛的興趣。
CQ衡量的,是一個人對多種文化的理解和適應能力。CQ高的人,善於適應多元文化的環境,能夠與不同文化背景的人合作。隨著知識型經濟和信息時代的到來,經濟全球化成為不可逆轉的趨勢,跨地域、跨文化合作愈來愈普遍和重要。在跨文化合作中,參與者對文化差異的認知水平和應付能力,是合作成功的重要因素,於是CQ測驗便成為遴選跨文化人才的工具。
關於IQ、EQ和CQ三者的關係,領袖人才培訓機構「共同目的」(Common Purpose)的創始人兼行政總裁米德爾頓(Julia
Middleton)有這樣的說明:有IQ的領袖能夠應付大量複雜的資料,善於把資料整理。高IQ的領袖認識到「人」的因素不能忽視,於是把EQ加到自己的工具箱裡。有EQ的領袖有知人之明,但他們所「知」的,往往只是和自己相似的人。高EQ的領袖明白自己不但要了解跟自己相似的人,還要了解和自己完全不同的人,於是就要CQ。
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Key findings from the pilot study concluded that students had
significant enhancement in their CQ
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after traveling abroad with People to People, saw comprehensive CQ
enhancement across all four
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areas: Drive, Knowledge, Strategy, Action and that the People to
People program had the highest
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impact on Action, the most difficult of the four CQ areas to
increase.
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"It's not a foregone conclusion that students who travel abroad see an increase in CQ," said David |
Livermore, PhD, author of Leading with Cultural Intelligence
and senior research consultant with the
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Cultural Intelligence Center. "The big difference is that People
to People intentionally structures its
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programs to enhance CQ. In fact, we have found that many of the most
well intentioned
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service-based mission trips and family travel experiences do not
impact or increase CQ."
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People to People Ambassador Programs travel to more than 49 countries on all seven continents |
and program participants come from over 100 nations. The organization
trains more than 5,000
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teachers each year who lead students on educational travel
experiences, and 84 percent of students
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who have traveled on a People to People program report being accepted
into their college of choice.
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"The next generation of leaders needs to start working now on
their CQ," said Cynthia Beath,
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professor emerita, McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at
Austin.
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Along with People to People Ambassador Programs, there are a number
of companies, government
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agencies and non-profits tapping into the benefits associated with CQ,
including Bank of America,
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IBM, U.S. Department of Justice, Georgetown, Stanford, the Red Cross
and World Vision.
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About the Cultural Intelligence Center
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The Cultural Intelligence Center (CQC) is a private business dedicated
to improving the
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understanding of Cultural Intelligence (CQ). The center offers the
first academically validated
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instrument to measure cultural intelligence. The center also sponsors
research, conducts training,
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and presents workshops and information sessions on CQ to audiences
around the world.
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About People to People Ambassador Programs |
People to People Ambassador Programs is the world's most recognized
and respected educational
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travel provider. Since 1963 more than 400,000 people from around the
world have traveled with
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People to People Ambassador Programs to help further global
understanding through cross-cultural
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exchange. Offering unmatched safety measures and unparalleled access
to foreign cultures and
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countries, People to People Ambassador Programs promotes personal
success in a globalized
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world and fosters international friendships for both students and
professional adults.
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People to People Ambassador Programs is the exclusive educational
travel provider of People to
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People International (PTPI), a nonprofit organization founded in 1956
by President Dwight D.
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Eisenhower to promote peace through understanding worldwide. Together,
PTPI and People to
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People Ambassador Programs are united in a mission to bridge cultural
and political borders through
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education and exchange.
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About Ambassadors Group
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Ambassadors Group Inc. (NASDAQ: EPAX) is a socially conscious,
education company
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headquartered in Spokane, Wash. Ambassadors Group is the parent
company of Ambassador
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Programs Inc. (which administrates People to People Ambassador
Programs), World Adventures
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Unlimited, and BookRags, an educational research website. The company
also oversees the
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Washington School of World Studies, an accredited travel study and
distance learning school.
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Additional information about Ambassadors Group and its subsidiaries is
available
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http://citizens.peopletopeople.com/AboutUs/Pages/press-release-cultural-intelligence.aspx
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